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# Copyright (c) Jean-Paul Calderone
# See LICENSE file for details.

"""
Unit tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto}.
"""

from unittest import main

import os, re, sys
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

from OpenSSL.crypto import TYPE_RSA, TYPE_DSA, Error, PKey, PKeyType
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509, X509Type, X509Name, X509NameType
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509Req, X509ReqType
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509Extension, X509ExtensionType
from OpenSSL.crypto import load_certificate, load_privatekey
from OpenSSL.crypto import FILETYPE_PEM, FILETYPE_ASN1, FILETYPE_TEXT
from OpenSSL.crypto import dump_certificate, load_certificate_request
from OpenSSL.crypto import dump_certificate_request, dump_privatekey
from OpenSSL.crypto import PKCS7Type, load_pkcs7_data
from OpenSSL.crypto import PKCS12, PKCS12Type, load_pkcs12
from OpenSSL.crypto import CRL, Revoked, load_crl
from OpenSSL.crypto import NetscapeSPKI, NetscapeSPKIType
from OpenSSL.crypto import sign, verify
from OpenSSL.test.util import TestCase, bytes, b

def normalize_certificate_pem(pem):
    return dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, pem))


def normalize_privatekey_pem(pem):
    return dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem))


root_cert_pem = b("""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""")

root_key_pem = b("""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
""")

server_cert_pem = b("""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""")

server_key_pem = normalize_privatekey_pem(b("""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""))

client_cert_pem = b("""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""")

client_key_pem = normalize_privatekey_pem(b("""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""))

cleartextCertificatePEM = b("""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""")

cleartextPrivateKeyPEM = normalize_privatekey_pem(b("""\
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""))

cleartextCertificateRequestPEM = b("""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
""")

encryptedPrivateKeyPEM = b("""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,9573604A18579E9E
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
""")

encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase = b("foobar")

# Some PKCS#7 stuff.  Generated with the openssl command line:
#
#    openssl crl2pkcs7 -inform pem -outform pem -certfile s.pem -nocrl
#
# with a certificate and key (but the key should be irrelevant) in s.pem
pkcs7Data = b("""\
-----BEGIN PKCS7-----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-----END PKCS7-----
""")

crlData = b("""\
-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----
MIIBWzCBxTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADBYMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMC
SUwxEDAOBgNVBAcTB0NoaWNhZ28xEDAOBgNVBAoTB1Rlc3RpbmcxGDAWBgNVBAMT
D1Rlc3RpbmcgUm9vdCBDQRcNMDkwNzI2MDQzNDU2WhcNMTIwOTI3MDI0MTUyWjA8
MBUCAgOrGA8yMDA5MDcyNTIzMzQ1NlowIwICAQAYDzIwMDkwNzI1MjMzNDU2WjAM
MAoGA1UdFQQDCgEEMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAEBt7xTs2htdD3d4ErrcGAw1
4dKcVnIWTutoI7xxen26Wwvh8VCsT7i/UeP+rBl9rC/kfjWjzQk3/zleaarGTpBT
0yp4HXRFFoRhhSE/hP+eteaPXRgrsNRLHe9ZDd69wmh7J1wMDb0m81RG7kqcbsid
vrzEeLDRiiPl92dyyWmu
-----END X509 CRL-----
""")


# A broken RSA private key which can be used to test the error path through
# PKey.check.
inconsistentPrivateKeyPEM = b("""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIBPAIBAAJBAKy+e3dulvXzV7zoTZWc5TzgApr8DmeQHTYC8ydfzH7EECe4R1Xh
5kwIzOuuFfn178FBiS84gngaNcrFi0Z5fAkCAwEaAQJBAIqm/bz4NA1H++Vx5Ewx
OcKp3w19QSaZAwlGRtsUxrP7436QjnREM3Bm8ygU11BjkPVmtrKm6AayQfCHqJoT
zIECIQDW0BoMoL0HOYM/mrTLhaykYAVqgIeJsPjvkEhTFXWBuQIhAM3deFAvWNu4
nklUQ37XsCT2c9tmNt1LAT+slG2JOTTRAiAuXDtC/m3NYVwyHfFm+zKHRzHkClk2
HjubeEgjpj32AQIhAJqMGTaZVOwevTXvvHwNeH+vRWsAYU/gbx+OQB+7VOcBAiEA
oolb6NMg/R3enNPvS1O4UU1H8wpaF77L4yiSWlE0p4w=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
""")

# certificate with NULL bytes in subjectAltName and common name

nulbyteSubjectAltNamePEM = b("""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----""")


class X509ExtTests(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509Extension}.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create a new private key and start a certificate request (for a test
        method to finish in one way or another).
        """
        # Basic setup stuff to generate a certificate
        self.pkey = PKey()
        self.pkey.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        self.req = X509Req()
        self.req.set_pubkey(self.pkey)
        # Authority good you have.
        self.req.get_subject().commonName = "Yoda root CA"
        self.x509 = X509()
        self.subject = self.x509.get_subject()
        self.subject.commonName = self.req.get_subject().commonName
        self.x509.set_issuer(self.subject)
        self.x509.set_pubkey(self.pkey)
        now = b(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"))
        expire  = b((datetime.now() + timedelta(days=100)).strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"))
        self.x509.set_notBefore(now)
        self.x509.set_notAfter(expire)


    def test_str(self):
        """
        The string representation of L{X509Extension} instances as returned by
        C{str} includes stuff.
        """
        # This isn't necessarily the best string representation.  Perhaps it
        # will be changed/improved in the future.
        self.assertEquals(
            str(X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:false'))),
            'CA:FALSE')


    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension} and L{X509ExtensionType} refer to the same type object
        and can be used to create instances of that type.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(X509Extension, X509ExtensionType)
        self.assertConsistentType(
            X509Extension,
            'X509Extension', b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:true'))


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension} accepts an extension type name, a critical flag,
        and an extension value and returns an L{X509ExtensionType} instance.
        """
        basic = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:true'))
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(basic, X509ExtensionType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (
                basic, type(basic), X509ExtensionType))

        comment = X509Extension(
            b('nsComment'), False, b('pyOpenSSL unit test'))
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(comment, X509ExtensionType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (
                comment, type(comment), X509ExtensionType))


    def test_invalid_extension(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension} raises something if it is passed a bad extension
        name or value.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, b('thisIsMadeUp'), False, b('hi'))
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, b('basicConstraints'), False, b('blah blah'))

        # Exercise a weird one (an extension which uses the r2i method).  This
        # exercises the codepath that requires a non-NULL ctx to be passed to
        # X509V3_EXT_nconf.  It can't work now because we provide no
        # configuration database.  It might be made to work in the future.
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, b('proxyCertInfo'), True,
            b('language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:1,policy:text:AB'))


    def test_get_critical(self):
        """
        L{X509ExtensionType.get_critical} returns the value of the
        extension's critical flag.
        """
        ext = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:true'))
        self.assertTrue(ext.get_critical())
        ext = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), False, b('CA:true'))
        self.assertFalse(ext.get_critical())


    def test_get_short_name(self):
        """
        L{X509ExtensionType.get_short_name} returns a string giving the short
        type name of the extension.
        """
        ext = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:true'))
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_short_name(), b('basicConstraints'))
        ext = X509Extension(b('nsComment'), True, b('foo bar'))
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_short_name(), b('nsComment'))


    def test_get_data(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension.get_data} returns a string giving the data of the
        extension.
        """
        ext = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:true'))
        # Expect to get back the DER encoded form of CA:true.
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_data(), b('0\x03\x01\x01\xff'))


    def test_get_data_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension.get_data} raises L{TypeError} if passed any arguments.
        """
        ext = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:true'))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ext.get_data, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ext.get_data, "foo")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ext.get_data, 7)


    def test_unused_subject(self):
        """
        The C{subject} parameter to L{X509Extension} may be provided for an
        extension which does not use it and is ignored in this case.
        """
        ext1 = X509Extension(
            b('basicConstraints'), False, b('CA:TRUE'), subject=self.x509)
        self.x509.add_extensions([ext1])
        self.x509.sign(self.pkey, 'sha1')
        # This is a little lame.  Can we think of a better way?
        text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, self.x509)
        self.assertTrue(b('X509v3 Basic Constraints:') in text)
        self.assertTrue(b('CA:TRUE') in text)


    def test_subject(self):
        """
        If an extension requires a subject, the C{subject} parameter to
        L{X509Extension} provides its value.
        """
        ext3 = X509Extension(
            b('subjectKeyIdentifier'), False, b('hash'), subject=self.x509)
        self.x509.add_extensions([ext3])
        self.x509.sign(self.pkey, 'sha1')
        text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, self.x509)
        self.assertTrue(b('X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:') in text)


    def test_missing_subject(self):
        """
        If an extension requires a subject and the C{subject} parameter is
        given no value, something happens.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, b('subjectKeyIdentifier'), False, b('hash'))


    def test_invalid_subject(self):
        """
        If the C{subject} parameter is given a value which is not an L{X509}
        instance, L{TypeError} is raised.
        """
        for badObj in [True, object(), "hello", [], self]:
            self.assertRaises(
                TypeError,
                X509Extension,
                'basicConstraints', False, 'CA:TRUE', subject=badObj)


    def test_unused_issuer(self):
        """
        The C{issuer} parameter to L{X509Extension} may be provided for an
        extension which does not use it and is ignored in this case.
        """
        ext1 = X509Extension(
            b('basicConstraints'), False, b('CA:TRUE'), issuer=self.x509)
        self.x509.add_extensions([ext1])
        self.x509.sign(self.pkey, 'sha1')
        text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, self.x509)
        self.assertTrue(b('X509v3 Basic Constraints:') in text)
        self.assertTrue(b('CA:TRUE') in text)


    def test_issuer(self):
        """
        If an extension requires a issuer, the C{issuer} parameter to
        L{X509Extension} provides its value.
        """
        ext2 = X509Extension(
            b('authorityKeyIdentifier'), False, b('issuer:always'),
            issuer=self.x509)
        self.x509.add_extensions([ext2])
        self.x509.sign(self.pkey, 'sha1')
        text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, self.x509)
        self.assertTrue(b('X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:') in text)
        self.assertTrue(b('DirName:/CN=Yoda root CA') in text)


    def test_missing_issuer(self):
        """
        If an extension requires an issue and the C{issuer} parameter is given
        no value, something happens.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            Error,
            X509Extension,
            b('authorityKeyIdentifier'), False,
            b('keyid:always,issuer:always'))


    def test_invalid_issuer(self):
        """
        If the C{issuer} parameter is given a value which is not an L{X509}
        instance, L{TypeError} is raised.
        """
        for badObj in [True, object(), "hello", [], self]:
            self.assertRaises(
                TypeError,
                X509Extension,
                'authorityKeyIdentifier', False, 'keyid:always,issuer:always',
                issuer=badObj)



class PKeyTests(TestCase):
    """
    Unit tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.PKey}.
    """
    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{PKey} and L{PKeyType} refer to the same type object and can be used
        to create instances of that type.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(PKey, PKeyType)
        self.assertConsistentType(PKey, 'PKey')


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{PKey} takes no arguments and returns a new L{PKey} instance.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PKey, None)
        key = PKey()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(key, PKeyType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (key, type(key), PKeyType))


    def test_pregeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.bits} and L{PKeyType.type} return C{0} before the key is
        generated.  L{PKeyType.check} raises L{TypeError} before the key is
        generated.
        """
        key = PKey()
        self.assertEqual(key.type(), 0)
        self.assertEqual(key.bits(), 0)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.check)


    def test_failedGeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} takes two arguments, the first giving the key
        type as one of L{TYPE_RSA} or L{TYPE_DSA} and the second giving the
        number of bits to generate.  If an invalid type is specified or
        generation fails, L{Error} is raised.  If an invalid number of bits is
        specified, L{ValueError} or L{Error} is raised.
        """
        key = PKey()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.generate_key)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.generate_key, 1, 2, 3)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.generate_key, "foo", "bar")
        self.assertRaises(Error, key.generate_key, -1, 0)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, key.generate_key, TYPE_RSA, -1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, key.generate_key, TYPE_RSA, 0)

        # XXX RSA generation for small values of bits is fairly buggy in a wide
        # range of OpenSSL versions.  I need to figure out what the safe lower
        # bound for a reasonable number of OpenSSL versions is and explicitly
        # check for that in the wrapper.  The failure behavior is typically an
        # infinite loop inside OpenSSL.

        # self.assertRaises(Error, key.generate_key, TYPE_RSA, 2)

        # XXX DSA generation seems happy with any number of bits.  The DSS
        # says bits must be between 512 and 1024 inclusive.  OpenSSL's DSA
        # generator doesn't seem to care about the upper limit at all.  For
        # the lower limit, it uses 512 if anything smaller is specified.
        # So, it doesn't seem possible to make generate_key fail for
        # TYPE_DSA with a bits argument which is at least an int.

        # self.assertRaises(Error, key.generate_key, TYPE_DSA, -7)


    def test_rsaGeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} generates an RSA key when passed
        L{TYPE_RSA} as a type and a reasonable number of bits.
        """
        bits = 2048
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, bits)
        self.assertEqual(key.type(), TYPE_RSA)
        self.assertEqual(key.bits(), bits)
        self.assertTrue(key.check())


    def test_dsaGeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} generates a DSA key when passed
        L{TYPE_DSA} as a type and a reasonable number of bits.
        """
        # 512 is a magic number.  The DSS (Digital Signature Standard)
        # allows a minimum of 512 bits for DSA.  DSA_generate_parameters
        # will silently promote any value below 512 to 512.
        bits = 1024
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_DSA, bits)
        self.assertEqual(key.type(), TYPE_DSA)
        self.assertEqual(key.bits(), bits)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.check)


    def test_regeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} can be called multiple times on the same
        key to generate new keys.
        """
        key = PKey()
        for type, bits in [(TYPE_RSA, 2048), (TYPE_DSA, 1024)]:
             key.generate_key(type, bits)
             self.assertEqual(key.type(), type)
             self.assertEqual(key.bits(), bits)


    def test_inconsistentKey(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.check} returns C{False} if the key is not consistent.
        """
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, inconsistentPrivateKeyPEM)
        self.assertRaises(Error, key.check)


    def test_check_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.check} raises L{TypeError} if called with any arguments.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PKey().check, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PKey().check, object())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PKey().check, 1)



class X509NameTests(TestCase):
    """
    Unit tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509Name}.
    """
    def _x509name(self, **attrs):
        # XXX There's no other way to get a new X509Name yet.
        name = X509().get_subject()
        attrs = list(attrs.items())
        # Make the order stable - order matters!
        def key(attr):
            return attr[1]
        attrs.sort(key=key)
        for k, v in attrs:
            setattr(name, k, v)
        return name


    def test_type(self):
        """
        The type of X509Name objects is L{X509NameType}.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(X509Name, X509NameType)
        self.assertEqual(X509NameType.__name__, 'X509Name')
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(X509NameType, type))

        name = self._x509name()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(name, X509NameType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (
                name, type(name), X509NameType))


    def test_onlyStringAttributes(self):
        """
        Attempting to set a non-L{str} attribute name on an L{X509NameType}
        instance causes L{TypeError} to be raised.
        """
        name = self._x509name()
        # Beyond these cases, you may also think that unicode should be
        # rejected.  Sorry, you're wrong.  unicode is automatically converted to
        # str outside of the control of X509Name, so there's no way to reject
        # it.
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, name, None, "hello")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, name, 30, "hello")
        class evil(str):
            pass
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, name, evil(), "hello")


    def test_setInvalidAttribute(self):
        """
        Attempting to set any attribute name on an L{X509NameType} instance for
        which no corresponding NID is defined causes L{AttributeError} to be
        raised.
        """
        name = self._x509name()
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, name, "no such thing", None)


    def test_attributes(self):
        """
        L{X509NameType} instances have attributes for each standard (?)
        X509Name field.
        """
        name = self._x509name()
        name.commonName = "foo"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "foo")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "foo")
        name.CN = "baz"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "baz")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "baz")
        name.commonName = "bar"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "bar")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "bar")
        name.CN = "quux"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "quux")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "quux")


    def test_copy(self):
        """
        L{X509Name} creates a new L{X509NameType} instance with all the same
        attributes as an existing L{X509NameType} instance when called with
        one.
        """
        name = self._x509name(commonName="foo", emailAddress="bar@example.com")

        copy = X509Name(name)
        self.assertEqual(copy.commonName, "foo")
        self.assertEqual(copy.emailAddress, "bar@example.com")

        # Mutate the copy and ensure the original is unmodified.
        copy.commonName = "baz"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "foo")

        # Mutate the original and ensure the copy is unmodified.
        name.emailAddress = "quux@example.com"
        self.assertEqual(copy.emailAddress, "bar@example.com")


    def test_repr(self):
        """
        L{repr} passed an L{X509NameType} instance should return a string
        containing a description of the type and the NIDs which have been set
        on it.
        """
        name = self._x509name(commonName="foo", emailAddress="bar")
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(name),
            "<X509Name object '/emailAddress=bar/CN=foo'>")


    def test_comparison(self):
        """
        L{X509NameType} instances should compare based on their NIDs.
        """
        def _equality(a, b, assertTrue, assertFalse):
            assertTrue(a == b, "(%r == %r) --> False" % (a, b))
            assertFalse(a != b)
            assertTrue(b == a)
            assertFalse(b != a)

        def assertEqual(a, b):
            _equality(a, b, self.assertTrue, self.assertFalse)

        # Instances compare equal to themselves.
        name = self._x509name()
        assertEqual(name, name)

        # Empty instances should compare equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(), self._x509name())

        # Instances with equal NIDs should compare equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(commonName="foo"),
                    self._x509name(commonName="foo"))

        # Instance with equal NIDs set using different aliases should compare
        # equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(commonName="foo"),
                    self._x509name(CN="foo"))

        # Instances with more than one NID with the same values should compare
        # equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(CN="foo", organizationalUnitName="bar"),
                    self._x509name(commonName="foo", OU="bar"))

        def assertNotEqual(a, b):
            _equality(a, b, self.assertFalse, self.assertTrue)

        # Instances with different values for the same NID should not compare
        # equal to each other.
        assertNotEqual(self._x509name(CN="foo"),
                       self._x509name(CN="bar"))

        # Instances with different NIDs should not compare equal to each other.
        assertNotEqual(self._x509name(CN="foo"),
                       self._x509name(OU="foo"))

        def _inequality(a, b, assertTrue, assertFalse):
            assertTrue(a < b)
            assertTrue(a <= b)
            assertTrue(b > a)
            assertTrue(b >= a)
            assertFalse(a > b)
            assertFalse(a >= b)
            assertFalse(b < a)
            assertFalse(b <= a)

        def assertLessThan(a, b):
            _inequality(a, b, self.assertTrue, self.assertFalse)

        # An X509Name with a NID with a value which sorts less than the value
        # of the same NID on another X509Name compares less than the other
        # X509Name.
        assertLessThan(self._x509name(CN="abc"),
                       self._x509name(CN="def"))

        def assertGreaterThan(a, b):
            _inequality(a, b, self.assertFalse, self.assertTrue)

        # An X509Name with a NID with a value which sorts greater than the
        # value of the same NID on another X509Name compares greater than the
        # other X509Name.
        assertGreaterThan(self._x509name(CN="def"),
                          self._x509name(CN="abc"))


    def test_hash(self):
        """
        L{X509Name.hash} returns an integer hash based on the value of the
        name.
        """
        a = self._x509name(CN="foo")
        b = self._x509name(CN="foo")
        self.assertEqual(a.hash(), b.hash())
        a.CN = "bar"
        self.assertNotEqual(a.hash(), b.hash())


    def test_der(self):
        """
        L{X509Name.der} returns the DER encoded form of the name.
        """
        a = self._x509name(CN="foo", C="US")
        self.assertEqual(
            a.der(),
            b('0\x1b1\x0b0\t\x06\x03U\x04\x06\x13\x02US'
              '1\x0c0\n\x06\x03U\x04\x03\x0c\x03foo'))


    def test_get_components(self):
        """
        L{X509Name.get_components} returns a C{list} of two-tuples of C{str}
        giving the NIDs and associated values which make up the name.
        """
        a = self._x509name()
        self.assertEqual(a.get_components(), [])
        a.CN = "foo"
        self.assertEqual(a.get_components(), [(b("CN"), b("foo"))])
        a.organizationalUnitName = "bar"
        self.assertEqual(
            a.get_components(),
            [(b("CN"), b("foo")), (b("OU"), b("bar"))])


    def test_load_nul_byte_attribute(self):
        """
        An L{X509Name} from an L{X509} instance loaded from a file can have a
        NUL byte in the value of one of its attributes.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, nulbyteSubjectAltNamePEM)
        subject = cert.get_subject()
        self.assertEqual(
            "null.python.org\x00example.org", subject.commonName)



class _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin:
    """
    Tests which involve another thing and a PKey.
    """
    def signable(self):
        """
        Return something with a C{set_pubkey}, C{set_pubkey}, and C{sign} method.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()


    def test_signWithUngenerated(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.sign} raises L{ValueError} when pass a L{PKey} with no parts.
        """
        request = self.signable()
        key = PKey()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, request.sign, key, 'MD5')


    def test_signWithPublicKey(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.sign} raises L{ValueError} when pass a L{PKey} with no
        private part as the signing key.
        """
        request = self.signable()
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        request.set_pubkey(key)
        pub = request.get_pubkey()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, request.sign, pub, 'MD5')


    def test_signWithUnknownDigest(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.sign} raises L{ValueError} when passed a digest name which is
        not known.
        """
        request = self.signable()
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, request.sign, key, "monkeys")


    def test_sign(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.sign} succeeds when passed a private key object and a valid
        digest function.  C{X509Req.verify} can be used to check the signature.
        """
        request = self.signable()
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        request.set_pubkey(key)
        request.sign(key, 'SHA256')
        # If the type has a verify method, cover that too.
        if getattr(request, 'verify', None) is not None:
            pub = request.get_pubkey()
            self.assertTrue(request.verify(pub))
            # Make another key that won't verify.
            key = PKey()
            key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
            self.assertRaises(Error, request.verify, key)




class X509ReqTests(TestCase, _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509Req}.
    """
    def signable(self):
        """
        Create and return a new L{X509Req}.
        """
        return X509Req()


    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{X509Req} and L{X509ReqType} refer to the same type object and can be
        used to create instances of that type.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(X509Req, X509ReqType)
        self.assertConsistentType(X509Req, 'X509Req')


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{X509Req} takes no arguments and returns an L{X509ReqType} instance.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(request, X509ReqType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (request, type(request), X509ReqType))


    def test_version(self):
        """
        L{X509ReqType.set_version} sets the X.509 version of the certificate
        request.  L{X509ReqType.get_version} returns the X.509 version of
        the certificate request.  The initial value of the version is 0.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertEqual(request.get_version(), 0)
        request.set_version(1)
        self.assertEqual(request.get_version(), 1)
        request.set_version(3)
        self.assertEqual(request.get_version(), 3)


    def test_version_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509ReqType.set_version} raises L{TypeError} if called with the wrong
        number of arguments or with a non-C{int} argument.
        L{X509ReqType.get_version} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.set_version)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.set_version, "foo")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.set_version, 1, 2)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.get_version, None)


    def test_get_subject(self):
        """
        L{X509ReqType.get_subject} returns an L{X509Name} for the subject of
        the request and which is valid even after the request object is
        otherwise dead.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        subject = request.get_subject()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(subject, X509NameType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (subject, type(subject), X509NameType))
        subject.commonName = "foo"
        self.assertEqual(request.get_subject().commonName, "foo")
        del request
        subject.commonName = "bar"
        self.assertEqual(subject.commonName, "bar")


    def test_get_subject_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509ReqType.get_subject} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.get_subject, None)


    def test_add_extensions(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.add_extensions} accepts a C{list} of L{X509Extension}
        instances and adds them to the X509 request.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        request.add_extensions([
                X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:false'))])
        # XXX Add get_extensions so the rest of this unit test can be written.


    def test_add_extensions_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.add_extensions} raises L{TypeError} if called with the wrong
        number of arguments or with a non-C{list}.  Or it raises L{ValueError}
        if called with a C{list} containing objects other than L{X509Extension}
        instances.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.add_extensions)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.add_extensions, object())
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, request.add_extensions, [object()])
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, request.add_extensions, [], None)



class X509Tests(TestCase, _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509}.
    """
    pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM

    extpem = """
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
    """
    def signable(self):
        """
        Create and return a new L{X509}.
        """
        return X509()


    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{X509} and L{X509Type} refer to the same type object and can be used
        to create instances of that type.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(X509, X509Type)
        self.assertConsistentType(X509, 'X509')


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{X509} takes no arguments and returns an instance of L{X509Type}.
        """
        certificate = X509()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(certificate, X509Type),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (certificate,
                                                type(certificate),
                                                X509Type))
        self.assertEqual(type(X509Type).__name__, 'type')
        self.assertEqual(type(certificate).__name__, 'X509')
        self.assertEqual(type(certificate), X509Type)
        self.assertEqual(type(certificate), X509)


    def test_get_version_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_version} raises L{TypeError} if invoked with any arguments.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.get_version, None)


    def test_set_version_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.set_version} raises L{TypeError} if invoked with the wrong number
        of arguments or an argument not of type C{int}.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_version)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_version, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_version, 1, None)


    def test_version(self):
        """
        L{X509.set_version} sets the certificate version number.
        L{X509.get_version} retrieves it.
        """
        cert = X509()
        cert.set_version(1234)
        self.assertEquals(cert.get_version(), 1234)


    def test_get_serial_number_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_serial_number} raises L{TypeError} if invoked with any
        arguments.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.get_serial_number, None)


    def test_serial_number(self):
        """
        The serial number of an L{X509Type} can be retrieved and modified with
        L{X509Type.get_serial_number} and L{X509Type.set_serial_number}.
        """
        certificate = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number, 1, 2)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number, "1")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number, 5.5)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 0)
        certificate.set_serial_number(1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 1)
        certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 32 + 1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 2 ** 32 + 1)
        certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 64 + 1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 2 ** 64 + 1)
        certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 128 + 1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 2 ** 128 + 1)


    def _setBoundTest(self, which):
        """
        L{X509Type.set_notBefore} takes a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the beginning of the certificate's validity
        period to it.
        """
        certificate = X509()
        set = getattr(certificate, 'set_not' + which)
        get = getattr(certificate, 'get_not' + which)

        # Starts with no value.
        self.assertEqual(get(), None)

        # GMT (Or is it UTC?) -exarkun
        when = b("20040203040506Z")
        set(when)
        self.assertEqual(get(), when)

        # A plus two hours and thirty minutes offset
        when = b("20040203040506+0530")
        set(when)
        self.assertEqual(get(), when)

        # A minus one hour fifteen minutes offset
        when = b("20040203040506-0115")
        set(when)
        self.assertEqual(get(), when)

        # An invalid string results in a ValueError
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, set, b("foo bar"))

        # The wrong number of arguments results in a TypeError.
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, set)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, set, b("20040203040506Z"), b("20040203040506Z"))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, get, b("foo bar"))


    # XXX ASN1_TIME (not GENERALIZEDTIME)

    def test_set_notBefore(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.set_notBefore} takes a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the beginning of the certificate's validity
        period to it.
        """
        self._setBoundTest("Before")


    def test_set_notAfter(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.set_notAfter} takes a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the end of the certificate's validity period
        to it.
        """
        self._setBoundTest("After")


    def test_get_notBefore(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.get_notBefore} returns a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME even for certificates which store it as UTCTIME
        internally.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertEqual(cert.get_notBefore(), b("20170611223259Z"))


    def test_get_notAfter(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.get_notAfter} returns a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME even for certificates which store it as UTCTIME
        internally.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertEqual(cert.get_notAfter(), b("20370606223259Z"))


    def test_gmtime_adj_notBefore_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.gmtime_adj_notBefore} raises L{TypeError} if called with the
        wrong number of arguments or a non-C{int} argument.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore, 123, None)


    def test_gmtime_adj_notBefore(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.gmtime_adj_notBefore} changes the not-before timestamp to be
        the current time plus the number of seconds passed in.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        now = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=100)
        cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(100)
        self.assertEqual(cert.get_notBefore(), b(now.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ")))


    def test_gmtime_adj_notAfter_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.gmtime_adj_notAfter} raises L{TypeError} if called with the
        wrong number of arguments or a non-C{int} argument.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter, 123, None)


    def test_gmtime_adj_notAfter(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.gmtime_adj_notAfter} changes the not-after timestamp to be
        the current time plus the number of seconds passed in.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        now = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=100)
        cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(100)
        self.assertEqual(cert.get_notAfter(), b(now.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ")))


    def test_has_expired_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.has_expired} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.has_expired, None)


    def test_has_expired(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.has_expired} returns C{True} if the certificate's not-after
        time is in the past.
        """
        cert = X509()
        cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(-1)
        self.assertTrue(cert.has_expired())


    def test_has_not_expired(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.has_expired} returns C{False} if the certificate's not-after
        time is in the future.
        """
        cert = X509()
        cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(2)
        self.assertFalse(cert.has_expired())


    def test_digest(self):
        """
        L{X509.digest} returns a string giving ":"-separated hex-encoded words
        of the digest of the certificate.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertEqual(
            cert.digest("SHA256"),
            b('65:D6:61:2C:C2:2D:5F:A6:08:76:9A:03:01:B3:71:FF:FD:48:9B:A3:F2:19:B3:84:CF:3F:D0:9E:57:39:6A:7E'))


    def _extcert(self, pkey, extensions):
        cert = X509()
        cert.set_pubkey(pkey)
        cert.get_subject().commonName = "Unit Tests"
        cert.get_issuer().commonName = "Unit Tests"
        when = b(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"))
        cert.set_notBefore(when)
        cert.set_notAfter(when)

        cert.add_extensions(extensions)
        cert.sign(pkey, 'SHA256')
        return load_certificate(
            FILETYPE_PEM, dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert))


    def test_extension_count(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_extension_count} returns the number of extensions that are
        present in the certificate.
        """
        pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, client_key_pem)
        ca = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:FALSE'))
        key = X509Extension(b('keyUsage'), True, b('digitalSignature'))
        subjectAltName = X509Extension(
            b('subjectAltName'), True, b('DNS:example.com'))

        # Try a certificate with no extensions at all.
        c = self._extcert(pkey, [])
        self.assertEqual(c.get_extension_count(), 0)

        # And a certificate with one
        c = self._extcert(pkey, [ca])
        self.assertEqual(c.get_extension_count(), 1)

        # And a certificate with several
        c = self._extcert(pkey, [ca, key, subjectAltName])
        self.assertEqual(c.get_extension_count(), 3)


    def test_get_extension(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_extension} takes an integer and returns an L{X509Extension}
        corresponding to the extension at that index.
        """
        pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, client_key_pem)
        ca = X509Extension(b('basicConstraints'), True, b('CA:FALSE'))
        key = X509Extension(b('keyUsage'), True, b('digitalSignature'))
        subjectAltName = X509Extension(
            b('subjectAltName'), False, b('DNS:example.com'))

        cert = self._extcert(pkey, [ca, key, subjectAltName])

        ext = cert.get_extension(0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(ext, X509Extension))
        self.assertTrue(ext.get_critical())
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_short_name(), b('basicConstraints'))

        ext = cert.get_extension(1)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(ext, X509Extension))
        self.assertTrue(ext.get_critical())
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_short_name(), b('keyUsage'))

        ext = cert.get_extension(2)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(ext, X509Extension))
        self.assertFalse(ext.get_critical())
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_short_name(), b('subjectAltName'))

        self.assertRaises(IndexError, cert.get_extension, -1)
        self.assertRaises(IndexError, cert.get_extension, 4)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.get_extension, "hello")


    def test_nullbyte_subjectAltName(self):
        """
        The fields of a I{subjectAltName} extension on an X509 may contain NUL
        bytes and this value is reflected in the string representation of the
        extension object.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, nulbyteSubjectAltNamePEM)

        ext = cert.get_extension(3)
        self.assertEqual(ext.get_short_name(), b('subjectAltName'))
        self.assertEqual(
            b("DNS:altnull.python.org\x00example.com, "
              "email:null@python.org\x00user@example.org, "
              "URI:http://null.python.org\x00http://example.org, "
              "IP Address:192.0.2.1, IP Address:2001:DB8:0:0:0:0:0:1\n"),
            b(str(ext)))


    def test_invalid_digest_algorithm(self):
        """
        L{X509.digest} raises L{ValueError} if called with an unrecognized hash
        algorithm.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cert.digest, "monkeys")


    def test_get_subject_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_subject} raises L{TypeError} if called with any arguments.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.get_subject, None)


    def test_get_subject(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_subject} returns an L{X509Name} instance.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        subj = cert.get_subject()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(subj, X509Name))
        self.assertEquals(
            subj.get_components(),
            [(b('C'), b('US')), (b('ST'), b('IL')), (b('L'), b('Chicago')),
             (b('O'), b('Testing')), (b('CN'), b('Testing Root CA'))])


    def test_set_subject_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.set_subject} raises a L{TypeError} if called with the wrong
        number of arguments or an argument not of type L{X509Name}.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_subject)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_subject, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_subject, cert.get_subject(), None)


    def test_set_subject(self):
        """
        L{X509.set_subject} changes the subject of the certificate to the one
        passed in.
        """
        cert = X509()
        name = cert.get_subject()
        name.C = 'AU'
        name.O = 'Unit Tests'
        cert.set_subject(name)
        self.assertEquals(
            cert.get_subject().get_components(),
            [(b('C'), b('AU')), (b('O'), b('Unit Tests'))])


    def test_get_issuer_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_issuer} raises L{TypeError} if called with any arguments.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.get_issuer, None)


    def test_get_issuer(self):
        """
        L{X509.get_issuer} returns an L{X509Name} instance.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        subj = cert.get_issuer()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(subj, X509Name))
        comp = subj.get_components()
        self.assertEquals(
            comp,
            [(b('C'), b('US')), (b('ST'), b('IL')), (b('L'), b('Chicago')),
             (b('O'), b('Testing')), (b('CN'), b('Testing Root CA'))])


    def test_set_issuer_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.set_issuer} raises a L{TypeError} if called with the wrong
        number of arguments or an argument not of type L{X509Name}.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_issuer)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_issuer, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.set_issuer, cert.get_issuer(), None)


    def test_set_issuer(self):
        """
        L{X509.set_issuer} changes the issuer of the certificate to the one
        passed in.
        """
        cert = X509()
        name = cert.get_issuer()
        name.C = 'AU'
        name.O = 'Unit Tests'
        cert.set_issuer(name)
        self.assertEquals(
            cert.get_issuer().get_components(),
            [(b('C'), b('AU')), (b('O'), b('Unit Tests'))])


    def test_get_pubkey_uninitialized(self):
        """
        When called on a certificate with no public key, L{X509.get_pubkey}
        raises L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error}.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(Error, cert.get_pubkey)


    def test_subject_name_hash_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{X509.subject_name_hash} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cert.subject_name_hash, None)


    def test_subject_name_hash(self):
        """
        L{X509.subject_name_hash} returns the hash of the certificate's subject
        name.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertIn(
            cert.subject_name_hash(),
            [3350047874, # OpenSSL 0.9.8, MD5
             3278919224, # OpenSSL 1.0.0, SHA1
             ])


    def test_get_signature_algorithm(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.get_signature_algorithm} returns a string which means
        the algorithm used to sign the certificate.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertEqual(
            b("sha1WithRSAEncryption"), cert.get_signature_algorithm())


    def test_get_undefined_signature_algorithm(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.get_signature_algorithm} raises L{ValueError} if the
        signature algorithm is undefined or unknown.
        """
        # This certificate has been modified to indicate a bogus OID in the
        # signature algorithm field so that OpenSSL does not recognize it.
        certPEM = """\
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
"""
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, certPEM)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cert.get_signature_algorithm)



class PKCS12Tests(TestCase):
    """
    Test for L{OpenSSL.crypto.PKCS12} and L{OpenSSL.crypto.load_pkcs12}.
    """
    pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM

    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{PKCS12Type} is a type object.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(PKCS12, PKCS12Type)
        self.assertConsistentType(PKCS12, 'PKCS12')


    def test_empty_construction(self):
        """
        L{PKCS12} returns a new instance of L{PKCS12} with no certificate,
        private key, CA certificates, or friendly name.
        """
        p12 = PKCS12()
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_certificate())
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_privatekey())
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_ca_certificates())
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_friendlyname())


    def test_type_errors(self):
        """
        The L{PKCS12} setter functions (C{set_certificate}, C{set_privatekey},
        C{set_ca_certificates}, and C{set_friendlyname}) raise L{TypeError}
        when passed objects of types other than those expected.
        """
        p12 = PKCS12()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_certificate, 3)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_certificate, PKey())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_certificate, X509)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_privatekey, 3)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_privatekey, 'legbone')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_privatekey, X509())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_ca_certificates, 3)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_ca_certificates, X509())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_ca_certificates, (3, 4))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_ca_certificates, ( PKey(), ))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_friendlyname, 6)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p12.set_friendlyname, ('foo', 'bar'))


    def test_key_only(self):
        """
        A L{PKCS12} with only a private key can be exported using
        L{PKCS12.export} and loaded again using L{load_pkcs12}.
        """
        passwd = 'blah'
        p12 = PKCS12()
        pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        p12.set_privatekey(pkey)
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_certificate())
        self.assertEqual(pkey, p12.get_privatekey())
        try:
            dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=2, maciter=3)
        except Error:
            # Some versions of OpenSSL will throw an exception
            # for this nearly useless PKCS12 we tried to generate:
            # [('PKCS12 routines', 'PKCS12_create', 'invalid null argument')]
            return
        p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_ca_certificates())
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_certificate())

        # OpenSSL fails to bring the key back to us.  So sad.  Perhaps in the
        # future this will be improved.
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p12.get_privatekey(), (PKey, type(None))))


    def test_cert_only(self):
        """
        A L{PKCS12} with only a certificate can be exported using
        L{PKCS12.export} and loaded again using L{load_pkcs12}.
        """
        passwd = 'blah'
        p12 = PKCS12()
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
        p12.set_certificate(cert)
        self.assertEqual(cert, p12.get_certificate())
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_privatekey())
        try:
            dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=2, maciter=3)
        except Error:
            # Some versions of OpenSSL will throw an exception
            # for this nearly useless PKCS12 we tried to generate:
            # [('PKCS12 routines', 'PKCS12_create', 'invalid null argument')]
            return
        p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_privatekey())

        # OpenSSL fails to bring the cert back to us.  Groany mcgroan.
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p12.get_certificate(), (X509, type(None))))

        # Oh ho.  It puts the certificate into the ca certificates list, in
        # fact.  Totally bogus, I would think.  Nevertheless, let's exploit
        # that to check to see if it reconstructed the certificate we expected
        # it to.  At some point, hopefully this will change so that
        # p12.get_certificate() is actually what returns the loaded
        # certificate.
        self.assertEqual(
            cleartextCertificatePEM,
            dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_ca_certificates()[0]))


    def gen_pkcs12(self, cert_pem=None, key_pem=None, ca_pem=None, friendly_name=None):
        """
        Generate a PKCS12 object with components from PEM.  Verify that the set
        functions return None.
        """
        p12 = PKCS12()
        if cert_pem:
            ret = p12.set_certificate(load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert_pem))
            self.assertEqual(ret, None)
        if key_pem:
            ret = p12.set_privatekey(load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key_pem))
            self.assertEqual(ret, None)
        if ca_pem:
            ret = p12.set_ca_certificates((load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, ca_pem),))
            self.assertEqual(ret, None)
        if friendly_name:
            ret = p12.set_friendlyname(friendly_name)
            self.assertEqual(ret, None)
        return p12


    def check_recovery(self, p12_str, key=None, cert=None, ca=None, passwd='',
                       extra=()):
        """
        Use openssl program to confirm three components are recoverable from a
        PKCS12 string.
        """
        if key:
            recovered_key = _runopenssl(
                p12_str, "pkcs12", '-nocerts', '-nodes', '-passin',
                'pass:' + passwd, *extra)
            self.assertEqual(recovered_key[-len(key):], key)
        if cert:
            recovered_cert = _runopenssl(
                p12_str, "pkcs12", '-clcerts', '-nodes', '-passin',
                'pass:' + passwd, '-nokeys', *extra)
            self.assertEqual(recovered_cert[-len(cert):], cert)
        if ca:
            recovered_cert = _runopenssl(
                p12_str, "pkcs12", '-cacerts', '-nodes', '-passin',
                'pass:' + passwd, '-nokeys', *extra)
            self.assertEqual(recovered_cert[-len(ca):], ca)


    def test_load_pkcs12(self):
        """
        A PKCS12 string generated using the openssl command line can be loaded
        with L{load_pkcs12} and its components extracted and examined.
        """
        passwd = 'whatever'
        pem = client_key_pem + client_cert_pem
        p12_str = _runopenssl(
            pem, "pkcs12", '-export', '-clcerts', '-passout', 'pass:' + passwd)
        p12 = load_pkcs12(p12_str, passwd)
        # verify
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p12, PKCS12))
        cert_pem = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_certificate())
        self.assertEqual(cert_pem, client_cert_pem)
        key_pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_privatekey())
        self.assertEqual(key_pem, client_key_pem)
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_ca_certificates())


    def test_load_pkcs12_garbage(self):
        """
        L{load_pkcs12} raises L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error} when passed a string
        which is not a PKCS12 dump.
        """
        passwd = 'whatever'
        e = self.assertRaises(Error, load_pkcs12, 'fruit loops', passwd)
        self.assertEqual( e.args[0][0][0], 'asn1 encoding routines')
        self.assertEqual( len(e.args[0][0]), 3)


    def test_replace(self):
        """
        L{PKCS12.set_certificate} replaces the certificate in a PKCS12 cluster.
        L{PKCS12.set_privatekey} replaces the private key.
        L{PKCS12.set_ca_certificates} replaces the CA certificates.
        """
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(client_cert_pem, client_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        p12.set_certificate(load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, server_cert_pem))
        p12.set_privatekey(load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, server_key_pem))
        root_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
        client_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, client_cert_pem)
        p12.set_ca_certificates([root_cert]) # not a tuple
        self.assertEqual(1, len(p12.get_ca_certificates()))
        self.assertEqual(root_cert, p12.get_ca_certificates()[0])
        p12.set_ca_certificates([client_cert, root_cert])
        self.assertEqual(2, len(p12.get_ca_certificates()))
        self.assertEqual(client_cert, p12.get_ca_certificates()[0])
        self.assertEqual(root_cert, p12.get_ca_certificates()[1])


    def test_friendly_name(self):
        """
        The I{friendlyName} of a PKCS12 can be set and retrieved via
        L{PKCS12.get_friendlyname} and L{PKCS12_set_friendlyname}, and a
        L{PKCS12} with a friendly name set can be dumped with L{PKCS12.export}.
        """
        passwd = 'Dogmeat[]{}!@#$%^&*()~`?/.,<>-_+=";:'
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        for friendly_name in [b('Serverlicious'), None, b('###')]:
            p12.set_friendlyname(friendly_name)
            self.assertEqual(p12.get_friendlyname(), friendly_name)
            dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=2, maciter=3)
            reloaded_p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
            self.assertEqual(
                p12.get_friendlyname(), reloaded_p12.get_friendlyname())
            # We would use the openssl program to confirm the friendly
            # name, but it is not possible.  The pkcs12 command
            # does not store the friendly name in the cert's
            # alias, which we could then extract.
            self.check_recovery(
                dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem,
                ca=root_cert_pem, passwd=passwd)


    def test_various_empty_passphrases(self):
        """
        Test that missing, None, and '' passphrases are identical for PKCS12
        export.
        """
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(client_cert_pem, client_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        passwd = ''
        dumped_p12_empty = p12.export(iter=2, maciter=0, passphrase=passwd)
        dumped_p12_none = p12.export(iter=3, maciter=2, passphrase=None)
        dumped_p12_nopw = p12.export(iter=9, maciter=4)
        for dumped_p12 in [dumped_p12_empty, dumped_p12_none, dumped_p12_nopw]:
            self.check_recovery(
                dumped_p12, key=client_key_pem, cert=client_cert_pem,
                ca=root_cert_pem, passwd=passwd)


    def test_removing_ca_cert(self):
        """
        Passing C{None} to L{PKCS12.set_ca_certificates} removes all CA
        certificates.
        """
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        p12.set_ca_certificates(None)
        self.assertEqual(None, p12.get_ca_certificates())


    def test_export_without_mac(self):
        """
        Exporting a PKCS12 with a C{maciter} of C{-1} excludes the MAC
        entirely.
        """
        passwd = 'Lake Michigan'
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        dumped_p12 = p12.export(maciter=-1, passphrase=passwd, iter=2)
        self.check_recovery(
            dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem,
            passwd=passwd, extra=('-nomacver',))


    def test_load_without_mac(self):
        """
        Loading a PKCS12 without a MAC does something other than crash.
        """
        passwd = 'Lake Michigan'
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        dumped_p12 = p12.export(maciter=-1, passphrase=passwd, iter=2)
        try:
            recovered_p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
            # The person who generated this PCKS12 should be flogged,
            # or better yet we should have a means to determine
            # whether a PCKS12 had a MAC that was verified.
            # Anyway, libopenssl chooses to allow it, so the
            # pyopenssl binding does as well.
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(recovered_p12, PKCS12))
        except Error:
            # Failing here with an exception is preferred as some openssl
            # versions do.
            pass


    def test_zero_len_list_for_ca(self):
        """
        A PKCS12 with an empty CA certificates list can be exported.
        """
        passwd = 'Hobie 18'
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem)
        p12.set_ca_certificates([])
        self.assertEqual((), p12.get_ca_certificates())
        dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=3)
        self.check_recovery(
            dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem,
            passwd=passwd)


    def test_export_without_args(self):
        """
        All the arguments to L{PKCS12.export} are optional.
        """
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        dumped_p12 = p12.export()  # no args
        self.check_recovery(
            dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem, passwd='')


    def test_key_cert_mismatch(self):
        """
        L{PKCS12.export} raises an exception when a key and certificate
        mismatch.
        """
        p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, client_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
        self.assertRaises(Error, p12.export)



# These quoting functions taken directly from Twisted's twisted.python.win32.
_cmdLineQuoteRe = re.compile(r'(\\*)"')
_cmdLineQuoteRe2 = re.compile(r'(\\+)\Z')
def cmdLineQuote(s):
    """
    Internal method for quoting a single command-line argument.

    @type: C{str}
    @param s: A single unquoted string to quote for something that is expecting
        cmd.exe-style quoting

    @rtype: C{str}
    @return: A cmd.exe-style quoted string

    @see: U{http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=764004}
    """
    s = _cmdLineQuoteRe2.sub(r"\1\1", _cmdLineQuoteRe.sub(r'\1\1\\"', s))
    return '"%s"' % s



def quoteArguments(arguments):
    """
    Quote an iterable of command-line arguments for passing to CreateProcess or
    a similar API.  This allows the list passed to C{reactor.spawnProcess} to
    match the child process's C{sys.argv} properly.

    @type arguments: C{iterable} of C{str}
    @param arguments: An iterable of unquoted arguments to quote

    @rtype: C{str}
    @return: A space-delimited string containing quoted versions of L{arguments}
    """
    return ' '.join(map(cmdLineQuote, arguments))



def _runopenssl(pem, *args):
    """
    Run the command line openssl tool with the given arguments and write
    the given PEM to its stdin.  Not safe for quotes.
    """
    if os.name == 'posix':
        command = "openssl " + " ".join([
                "'%s'" % (arg.replace("'", "'\\''"),) for arg in args])
    else:
        command = "openssl " + quoteArguments(args)
    proc = Popen(command, shell=True, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE)
    proc.stdin.write(pem)
    proc.stdin.close()
    return proc.stdout.read()



class FunctionTests(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for free-functions in the L{OpenSSL.crypto} module.
    """

    def test_load_privatekey_invalid_format(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{ValueError} if passed an unknown filetype.
        """
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, load_privatekey, 100, root_key_pem)


    def test_load_privatekey_invalid_passphrase_type(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{TypeError} if passed a passphrase that is
        neither a c{str} nor a callable.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            TypeError,
            load_privatekey,
            FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase, object())


    def test_load_privatekey_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{TypeError} if called with the wrong number
        of arguments.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, load_privatekey)


    def test_load_privatekey_wrongPassphrase(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error} when it is passed an
        encrypted PEM and an incorrect passphrase.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            Error,
            load_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, b("quack"))


    def test_load_privatekey_passphraseWrongType(self):
        """
        :py:obj:`load_privatekey` raises :py:obj:`ValueError` when it is passed a passphrase
        with a private key encoded in a format, that doesn't support
        encryption.
        """
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        blob = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, key)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
            load_privatekey, FILETYPE_ASN1, blob, "secret")


    def test_load_privatekey_passphrase(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} can create a L{PKey} object from an encrypted PEM
        string if given the passphrase.
        """
        key = load_privatekey(
            FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM,
            encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(key, PKeyType))


    def test_load_privatekey_wrongPassphraseCallback(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error} when it is passed an
        encrypted PEM and a passphrase callback which returns an incorrect
        passphrase.
        """
        called = []
        def cb(*a):
            called.append(None)
            return b("quack")
        self.assertRaises(
            Error,
            load_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
        self.assertTrue(called)


    def test_load_privatekey_passphraseCallback(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} can create a L{PKey} object from an encrypted PEM
        string if given a passphrase callback which returns the correct
        password.
        """
        called = []
        def cb(writing):
            called.append(writing)
            return encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(key, PKeyType))
        self.assertEqual(called, [False])


    def test_load_privatekey_passphrase_exception(self):
        """
        An exception raised by the passphrase callback passed to
        L{load_privatekey} is propagated.
        """
        def broken(ignored):
            raise RuntimeError("This is not working.")
        self.assertRaises(
            RuntimeError,
            load_privatekey,
            FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, broken)


    def test_load_privatekey_passphrase_wrong_return_type(self):
        """
        :py:obj:`load_privatekey` raises :py:obj:`ValueError` if the passphrase
        callback returns something other than a byte string.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError,
            load_privatekey,
            FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, lambda *args: 3)


    def test_dump_privatekey_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} raises L{TypeError} if called with the wrong number
        of arguments.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dump_privatekey)
        # If cipher name is given, password is required.
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError, dump_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, PKey(), "foo")


    def test_dump_privatekey_unknown_cipher(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} raises L{ValueError} if called with an unrecognized
        cipher name.
        """
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError, dump_privatekey,
            FILETYPE_PEM, key, "zippers", "passphrase")


    def test_dump_privatekey_invalid_passphrase_type(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} raises L{TypeError} if called with a passphrase which
        is neither a C{str} nor a callable.
        """
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        self.assertRaises(
            TypeError,
            dump_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", object())


    def test_dump_privatekey_invalid_filetype(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} raises L{ValueError} if called with an unrecognized
        filetype.
        """
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dump_privatekey, 100, key)


    def test_load_privatekey_passphraseCallbackLength(self):
        """
        :py:obj:`crypto.load_privatekey` should raise an error when the passphrase
        provided by the callback is too long, not silently truncate it.
        """
        def cb(ignored):
            return "a" * 1025

        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
            load_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} writes an encrypted PEM when given a passphrase.
        """
        passphrase = b("foo")
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", passphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pem, bytes))
        loadedKey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem, passphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(loadedKey, PKeyType))
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.type(), key.type())
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.bits(), key.bits())


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphraseWrongType(self):
        """
        :py:obj:`dump_privatekey` raises :py:obj:`ValueError` when it is passed a passphrase
        with a private key encoded in a format, that doesn't support
        encryption.
        """
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
            dump_privatekey, FILETYPE_ASN1, key, "blowfish", "secret")


    def test_dump_certificate(self):
        """
        L{dump_certificate} writes PEM, DER, and text.
        """
        pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, pemData)
        dumped_pem = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert)
        self.assertEqual(dumped_pem, cleartextCertificatePEM)
        dumped_der = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_ASN1, cert)
        good_der = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, "x509", "-outform", "DER")
        self.assertEqual(dumped_der, good_der)
        cert2 = load_certificate(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
        dumped_pem2 = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert2)
        self.assertEqual(dumped_pem2, cleartextCertificatePEM)
        dumped_text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, cert)
        good_text = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, "x509", "-noout", "-text")
        self.assertEqual(dumped_text, good_text)


    def test_dump_privatekey(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} writes a PEM, DER, and text.
        """
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        self.assertTrue(key.check())
        dumped_pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key)
        self.assertEqual(dumped_pem, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        dumped_der = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, key)
        # XXX This OpenSSL call writes "writing RSA key" to standard out.  Sad.
        good_der = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, "rsa", "-outform", "DER")
        self.assertEqual(dumped_der, good_der)
        key2 = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
        dumped_pem2 = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key2)
        self.assertEqual(dumped_pem2, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        dumped_text = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_TEXT, key)
        good_text = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, "rsa", "-noout", "-text")
        self.assertEqual(dumped_text, good_text)


    def test_dump_certificate_request(self):
        """
        L{dump_certificate_request} writes a PEM, DER, and text.
        """
        req = load_certificate_request(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificateRequestPEM)
        dumped_pem = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_PEM, req)
        self.assertEqual(dumped_pem, cleartextCertificateRequestPEM)
        dumped_der = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_ASN1, req)
        good_der = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, "req", "-outform", "DER")
        self.assertEqual(dumped_der, good_der)
        req2 = load_certificate_request(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
        dumped_pem2 = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_PEM, req2)
        self.assertEqual(dumped_pem2, cleartextCertificateRequestPEM)
        dumped_text = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_TEXT, req)
        good_text = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, "req", "-noout", "-text")
        self.assertEqual(dumped_text, good_text)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dump_certificate_request, 100, req)


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphraseCallback(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} writes an encrypted PEM when given a callback which
        returns the correct passphrase.
        """
        passphrase = b("foo")
        called = []
        def cb(writing):
            called.append(writing)
            return passphrase
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", cb)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pem, bytes))
        self.assertEqual(called, [True])
        loadedKey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem, passphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(loadedKey, PKeyType))
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.type(), key.type())
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.bits(), key.bits())


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase_exception(self):
        """
        :py:obj:`dump_privatekey` should not overwrite the exception raised
        by the passphrase callback.
        """
        def cb(ignored):
            raise ArithmeticError

        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        self.assertRaises(ArithmeticError,
            dump_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", cb)


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphraseCallbackLength(self):
        """
        :py:obj:`crypto.dump_privatekey` should raise an error when the passphrase
        provided by the callback is too long, not silently truncate it.
        """
        def cb(ignored):
            return "a" * 1025

        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
            dump_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", cb)


    def test_load_pkcs7_data(self):
        """
        L{load_pkcs7_data} accepts a PKCS#7 string and returns an instance of
        L{PKCS7Type}.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pkcs7, PKCS7Type))



class PKCS7Tests(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{PKCS7Type}.
    """
    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type} is a type object.
        """
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(PKCS7Type, type))
        self.assertEqual(PKCS7Type.__name__, 'PKCS7')

        # XXX This doesn't currently work.
        # self.assertIdentical(PKCS7, PKCS7Type)


    # XXX Opposite results for all these following methods

    def test_type_is_signed_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_signed} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pkcs7.type_is_signed, None)


    def test_type_is_signed(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_signed} returns C{True} if the PKCS7 object is of
        the type I{signed}.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertTrue(pkcs7.type_is_signed())


    def test_type_is_enveloped_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_enveloped} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pkcs7.type_is_enveloped, None)


    def test_type_is_enveloped(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_enveloped} returns C{False} if the PKCS7 object is
        not of the type I{enveloped}.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertFalse(pkcs7.type_is_enveloped())


    def test_type_is_signedAndEnveloped_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_signedAndEnveloped} raises L{TypeError} if called
        with any arguments.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pkcs7.type_is_signedAndEnveloped, None)


    def test_type_is_signedAndEnveloped(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_signedAndEnveloped} returns C{False} if the PKCS7
        object is not of the type I{signed and enveloped}.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertFalse(pkcs7.type_is_signedAndEnveloped())


    def test_type_is_data(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_data} returns C{False} if the PKCS7 object is not of
        the type data.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertFalse(pkcs7.type_is_data())


    def test_type_is_data_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.type_is_data} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pkcs7.type_is_data, None)


    def test_get_type_name_wrong_args(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.get_type_name} raises L{TypeError} if called with any
        arguments.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pkcs7.get_type_name, None)


    def test_get_type_name(self):
        """
        L{PKCS7Type.get_type_name} returns a C{str} giving the type name.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertEquals(pkcs7.get_type_name(), b('pkcs7-signedData'))


    def test_attribute(self):
        """
        If an attribute other than one of the methods tested here is accessed on
        an instance of L{PKCS7Type}, L{AttributeError} is raised.
        """
        pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, pkcs7, "foo")



class NetscapeSPKITests(TestCase, _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.NetscapeSPKI}.
    """
    def signable(self):
        """
        Return a new L{NetscapeSPKI} for use with signing tests.
        """
        return NetscapeSPKI()


    def test_type(self):
        """
        L{NetscapeSPKI} and L{NetscapeSPKIType} refer to the same type object
        and can be used to create instances of that type.
        """
        self.assertIdentical(NetscapeSPKI, NetscapeSPKIType)
        self.assertConsistentType(NetscapeSPKI, 'NetscapeSPKI')


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{NetscapeSPKI} returns an instance of L{NetscapeSPKIType}.
        """
        nspki = NetscapeSPKI()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(nspki, NetscapeSPKIType))


    def test_invalid_attribute(self):
        """
        Accessing a non-existent attribute of a L{NetscapeSPKI} instance causes
        an L{AttributeError} to be raised.
        """
        nspki = NetscapeSPKI()
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda: nspki.foo)


    def test_b64_encode(self):
        """
        L{NetscapeSPKI.b64_encode} encodes the certificate to a base64 blob.
        """
        nspki = NetscapeSPKI()
        blob = nspki.b64_encode()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(blob, bytes))



class RevokedTests(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked}
    """
    def test_construction(self):
        """
        Confirm we can create L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked}.  Check
        that it is empty.
        """
        revoked = Revoked()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(revoked, Revoked))
        self.assertEquals(type(revoked), Revoked)
        self.assertEquals(revoked.get_serial(), b('00'))
        self.assertEquals(revoked.get_rev_date(), None)
        self.assertEquals(revoked.get_reason(), None)


    def test_construction_wrong_args(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked} with any arguments results
        in a L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Revoked, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Revoked, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Revoked, "foo")


    def test_serial(self):
        """
        Confirm we can set and get serial numbers from
        L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked}.  Confirm errors are handled
        with grace.
        """
        revoked = Revoked()
        ret = revoked.set_serial(b('10b'))
        self.assertEquals(ret, None)
        ser = revoked.get_serial()
        self.assertEquals(ser, b('010B'))

        revoked.set_serial(b('31ppp'))  # a type error would be nice
        ser = revoked.get_serial()
        self.assertEquals(ser, b('31'))

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, revoked.set_serial, b('pqrst'))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.set_serial, 100)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.get_serial, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.get_serial, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.get_serial, "")


    def test_date(self):
        """
        Confirm we can set and get revocation dates from
        L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked}.  Confirm errors are handled
        with grace.
        """
        revoked = Revoked()
        date = revoked.get_rev_date()
        self.assertEquals(date, None)

        now = b(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"))
        ret = revoked.set_rev_date(now)
        self.assertEqual(ret, None)
        date = revoked.get_rev_date()
        self.assertEqual(date, now)


    def test_reason(self):
        """
        Confirm we can set and get revocation reasons from
        L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked}.  The "get" need to work
        as "set".  Likewise, each reason of all_reasons() must work.
        """
        revoked = Revoked()
        for r in revoked.all_reasons():
            for x in range(2):
                ret = revoked.set_reason(r)
                self.assertEquals(ret, None)
                reason = revoked.get_reason()
                self.assertEquals(
                    reason.lower().replace(b(' '), b('')),
                    r.lower().replace(b(' '), b('')))
                r = reason # again with the resp of get

        revoked.set_reason(None)
        self.assertEqual(revoked.get_reason(), None)


    def test_set_reason_wrong_arguments(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked.set_reason} with other than
        one argument, or an argument which isn't a valid reason,
        results in L{TypeError} or L{ValueError} being raised.
        """
        revoked = Revoked()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.set_reason, 100)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, revoked.set_reason, b('blue'))


    def test_get_reason_wrong_arguments(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked.get_reason} with any
        arguments results in L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        revoked = Revoked()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.get_reason, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.get_reason, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, revoked.get_reason, "foo")



class CRLTests(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.CRL}
    """
    cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
    pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)

    def test_construction(self):
        """
        Confirm we can create L{OpenSSL.crypto.CRL}.  Check
        that it is empty
        """
        crl = CRL()
        self.assertTrue( isinstance(crl, CRL) )
        self.assertEqual(crl.get_revoked(), None)


    def test_construction_wrong_args(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.CRL} with any number of arguments
        results in a L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CRL, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CRL, "")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CRL, None)


    def test_export(self):
        """
        Use python to create a simple CRL with a revocation, and export
        the CRL in formats of PEM, DER and text.  Those outputs are verified
        with the openssl program.
        """
        crl = CRL()
        revoked = Revoked()
        now = b(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"))
        revoked.set_rev_date(now)
        revoked.set_serial(b('3ab'))
        revoked.set_reason(b('sUpErSeDEd'))
        crl.add_revoked(revoked)

        # PEM format
        dumped_crl = crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, days=20, digest="sha1")
        text = _runopenssl(dumped_crl, "crl", "-noout", "-text")
        text.index(b('Serial Number: 03AB'))
        text.index(b('Superseded'))
        text.index(b('Issuer: /C=US/ST=IL/L=Chicago/O=Testing/CN=Testing Root CA'))
        text.index(b('Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption'))

        # DER format
        dumped_crl = crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, FILETYPE_ASN1)
        text = _runopenssl(dumped_crl, "crl", "-noout", "-text", "-inform", "DER")
        text.index(b('Serial Number: 03AB'))
        text.index(b('Superseded'))
        text.index(b('Issuer: /C=US/ST=IL/L=Chicago/O=Testing/CN=Testing Root CA'))

        # text format
        dumped_text = crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, type=FILETYPE_TEXT)
        self.assertEqual(text, dumped_text)


    def test_add_revoked_keyword(self):
        """
        L{OpenSSL.CRL.add_revoked} accepts its single argument as the
        I{revoked} keyword argument.
        """
        crl = CRL()
        revoked = Revoked()
        revoked.set_serial(b"01")
        revoked.set_rev_date(b"20160310020145Z")
        crl.add_revoked(revoked=revoked)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(crl.get_revoked()[0], Revoked))


    def test_export_wrong_args(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.CRL.export} with fewer than two or more than
        five arguments, or with arguments other than the certificate,
        private key, integer file type, integer number of days, and digest it
        expects, results in a L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        crl = CRL()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export, self.cert)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export, self.cert, self.pkey, FILETYPE_PEM, 10, "foo", "boo")

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export, None, self.pkey, FILETYPE_PEM, 10)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export, self.cert, None, FILETYPE_PEM, 10)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export, self.cert, self.pkey, None, 10)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.export, self.cert, FILETYPE_PEM, None)


    def test_export_unknown_filetype(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.CRL.export} with a file type other than
        L{FILETYPE_PEM}, L{FILETYPE_ASN1}, or L{FILETYPE_TEXT} results
        in a L{ValueError} being raised.
        """
        crl = CRL()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, crl.export, self.cert, self.pkey, 100, 10)


    def test_get_revoked(self):
        """
        Use python to create a simple CRL with two revocations.
        Get back the L{Revoked} using L{OpenSSL.CRL.get_revoked} and
        verify them.
        """
        crl = CRL()

        revoked = Revoked()
        now = b(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"))
        revoked.set_rev_date(now)
        revoked.set_serial(b('3ab'))
        crl.add_revoked(revoked)
        revoked.set_serial(b('100'))
        revoked.set_reason(b('sUpErSeDEd'))
        crl.add_revoked(revoked)

        revs = crl.get_revoked()
        self.assertEqual(len(revs), 2)
        self.assertEqual(type(revs[0]), Revoked)
        self.assertEqual(type(revs[1]), Revoked)
        self.assertEqual(revs[0].get_serial(), b('03AB'))
        self.assertEqual(revs[1].get_serial(), b('0100'))
        self.assertEqual(revs[0].get_rev_date(), now)
        self.assertEqual(revs[1].get_rev_date(), now)


    def test_get_revoked_wrong_args(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.CRL.get_revoked} with any arguments results
        in a L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        crl = CRL()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.get_revoked, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.get_revoked, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.get_revoked, "")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.get_revoked, "", 1, None)


    def test_add_revoked_wrong_args(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.CRL.add_revoked} with other than one
        argument results in a L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        crl = CRL()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.add_revoked)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.add_revoked, 1, 2)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, crl.add_revoked, "foo", "bar")


    def test_load_crl(self):
        """
        Load a known CRL and inspect its revocations.  Both
        PEM and DER formats are loaded.
        """
        crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlData)
        revs = crl.get_revoked()
        self.assertEqual(len(revs), 2)
        self.assertEqual(revs[0].get_serial(), b('03AB'))
        self.assertEqual(revs[0].get_reason(), None)
        self.assertEqual(revs[1].get_serial(), b('0100'))
        self.assertEqual(revs[1].get_reason(), b('Superseded'))

        der = _runopenssl(crlData, "crl", "-outform", "DER")
        crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_ASN1, der)
        revs = crl.get_revoked()
        self.assertEqual(len(revs), 2)
        self.assertEqual(revs[0].get_serial(), b('03AB'))
        self.assertEqual(revs[0].get_reason(), None)
        self.assertEqual(revs[1].get_serial(), b('0100'))
        self.assertEqual(revs[1].get_reason(), b('Superseded'))


    def test_load_crl_wrong_args(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.load_crl} with other than two
        arguments results in a L{TypeError} being raised.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, load_crl)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, load_crl, FILETYPE_PEM)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, load_crl, FILETYPE_PEM, crlData, None)


    def test_load_crl_bad_filetype(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.load_crl} with an unknown file type
        raises a L{ValueError}.
        """
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, load_crl, 100, crlData)


    def test_load_crl_bad_data(self):
        """
        Calling L{OpenSSL.crypto.load_crl} with file data which can't
        be loaded raises a L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error}.
        """
        self.assertRaises(Error, load_crl, FILETYPE_PEM, "hello, world")


class SignVerifyTests(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.sign} and L{OpenSSL.crypto.verify}.
    """
    def test_sign_verify(self):
        """
        L{sign} generates a cryptographic signature which L{verify} can check.
        """
        content = b(
            "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking "
            "thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an "
            "effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the "
            "glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to "
            "prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.")

        # sign the content with this private key
        priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, root_key_pem)
        # verify the content with this cert
        good_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
        # certificate unrelated to priv_key, used to trigger an error
        bad_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, server_cert_pem)

        for digest in ['md5', 'sha1']:
            sig = sign(priv_key, content, digest)

            # Verify the signature of content, will throw an exception if error.
            verify(good_cert, sig, content, digest)

            # This should fail because the certificate doesn't match the
            # private key that was used to sign the content.
            self.assertRaises(Error, verify, bad_cert, sig, content, digest)

            # This should fail because we've "tainted" the content after
            # signing it.
            self.assertRaises(
                Error, verify,
                good_cert, sig, content + b("tainted"), digest)

        # test that unknown digest types fail
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError, sign, priv_key, content, "strange-digest")
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError, verify, good_cert, sig, content, "strange-digest")


    def test_sign_nulls(self):
        """
        L{sign} produces a signature for a string with embedded nulls.
        """
        content = b("Watch out!  \0  Did you see it?")
        priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, root_key_pem)
        good_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
        sig = sign(priv_key, content, "sha1")
        verify(good_cert, sig, content, "sha1")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()