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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
markupsafe
~~~~~~~~~~
Implements a Markup string.
:copyright: (c) 2010 by Armin Ronacher.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import re
from itertools import imap
__all__ = ['Markup', 'soft_unicode', 'escape', 'escape_silent']
_striptags_re = re.compile(r'(<!--.*?-->|<[^>]*>)')
_entity_re = re.compile(r'&([^;]+);')
class Markup(unicode):
r"""Marks a string as being safe for inclusion in HTML/XML output without
needing to be escaped. This implements the `__html__` interface a couple
of frameworks and web applications use. :class:`Markup` is a direct
subclass of `unicode` and provides all the methods of `unicode` just that
it escapes arguments passed and always returns `Markup`.
The `escape` function returns markup objects so that double escaping can't
happen.
The constructor of the :class:`Markup` class can be used for three
different things: When passed an unicode object it's assumed to be safe,
when passed an object with an HTML representation (has an `__html__`
method) that representation is used, otherwise the object passed is
converted into a unicode string and then assumed to be safe:
>>> Markup("Hello <em>World</em>!")
Markup(u'Hello <em>World</em>!')
>>> class Foo(object):
... def __html__(self):
... return '<a href="#">foo</a>'
...
>>> Markup(Foo())
Markup(u'<a href="#">foo</a>')
If you want object passed being always treated as unsafe you can use the
:meth:`escape` classmethod to create a :class:`Markup` object:
>>> Markup.escape("Hello <em>World</em>!")
Markup(u'Hello <em>World</em>!')
Operations on a markup string are markup aware which means that all
arguments are passed through the :func:`escape` function:
>>> em = Markup("<em>%s</em>")
>>> em % "foo & bar"
Markup(u'<em>foo & bar</em>')
>>> strong = Markup("<strong>%(text)s</strong>")
>>> strong % {'text': '<blink>hacker here</blink>'}
Markup(u'<strong><blink>hacker here</blink></strong>')
>>> Markup("<em>Hello</em> ") + "<foo>"
Markup(u'<em>Hello</em> <foo>')
"""
__slots__ = ()
def __new__(cls, base=u'', encoding=None, errors='strict'):
if hasattr(base, '__html__'):
base = base.__html__()
if encoding is None:
return unicode.__new__(cls, base)
return unicode.__new__(cls, base, encoding, errors)
def __html__(self):
return self
def __add__(self, other):
if hasattr(other, '__html__') or isinstance(other, basestring):
return self.__class__(unicode(self) + unicode(escape(other)))
return NotImplemented
def __radd__(self, other):
if hasattr(other, '__html__') or isinstance(other, basestring):
return self.__class__(unicode(escape(other)) + unicode(self))
return NotImplemented
def __mul__(self, num):
if isinstance(num, (int, long)):
return self.__class__(unicode.__mul__(self, num))
return NotImplemented
__rmul__ = __mul__
def __mod__(self, arg):
if isinstance(arg, tuple):
arg = tuple(imap(_MarkupEscapeHelper, arg))
else:
arg = _MarkupEscapeHelper(arg)
return self.__class__(unicode.__mod__(self, arg))
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%s)' % (
self.__class__.__name__,
unicode.__repr__(self)
)
def join(self, seq):
return self.__class__(unicode.join(self, imap(escape, seq)))
join.__doc__ = unicode.join.__doc__
def split(self, *args, **kwargs):
return map(self.__class__, unicode.split(self, *args, **kwargs))
split.__doc__ = unicode.split.__doc__
def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs):
return map(self.__class__, unicode.rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs))
rsplit.__doc__ = unicode.rsplit.__doc__
def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs):
return map(self.__class__, unicode.splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs))
splitlines.__doc__ = unicode.splitlines.__doc__
def unescape(self):
r"""Unescape markup again into an unicode string. This also resolves
known HTML4 and XHTML entities:
>>> Markup("Main » <em>About</em>").unescape()
u'Main \xbb <em>About</em>'
"""
from markupsafe._constants import HTML_ENTITIES
def handle_match(m):
name = m.group(1)
if name in HTML_ENTITIES:
return unichr(HTML_ENTITIES[name])
try:
if name[:2] in ('#x', '#X'):
return unichr(int(name[2:], 16))
elif name.startswith('#'):
return unichr(int(name[1:]))
except ValueError:
pass
return u''
return _entity_re.sub(handle_match, unicode(self))
def striptags(self):
r"""Unescape markup into an unicode string and strip all tags. This
also resolves known HTML4 and XHTML entities. Whitespace is
normalized to one:
>>> Markup("Main » <em>About</em>").striptags()
u'Main \xbb About'
"""
stripped = u' '.join(_striptags_re.sub('', self).split())
return Markup(stripped).unescape()
@classmethod
def escape(cls, s):
"""Escape the string. Works like :func:`escape` with the difference
that for subclasses of :class:`Markup` this function would return the
correct subclass.
"""
rv = escape(s)
if rv.__class__ is not cls:
return cls(rv)
return rv
def make_wrapper(name):
orig = getattr(unicode, name)
def func(self, *args, **kwargs):
args = _escape_argspec(list(args), enumerate(args))
_escape_argspec(kwargs, kwargs.iteritems())
return self.__class__(orig(self, *args, **kwargs))
func.__name__ = orig.__name__
func.__doc__ = orig.__doc__
return func
for method in '__getitem__', 'capitalize', \
'title', 'lower', 'upper', 'replace', 'ljust', \
'rjust', 'lstrip', 'rstrip', 'center', 'strip', \
'translate', 'expandtabs', 'swapcase', 'zfill':
locals()[method] = make_wrapper(method)
# new in python 2.5
if hasattr(unicode, 'partition'):
def partition(self, sep):
return tuple(map(self.__class__,
unicode.partition(self, escape(sep))))
def rpartition(self, sep):
return tuple(map(self.__class__,
unicode.rpartition(self, escape(sep))))
# new in python 2.6
if hasattr(unicode, 'format'):
format = make_wrapper('format')
# not in python 3
if hasattr(unicode, '__getslice__'):
__getslice__ = make_wrapper('__getslice__')
del method, make_wrapper
def _escape_argspec(obj, iterable):
"""Helper for various string-wrapped functions."""
for key, value in iterable:
if hasattr(value, '__html__') or isinstance(value, basestring):
obj[key] = escape(value)
return obj
class _MarkupEscapeHelper(object):
"""Helper for Markup.__mod__"""
def __init__(self, obj):
self.obj = obj
__getitem__ = lambda s, x: _MarkupEscapeHelper(s.obj[x])
__str__ = lambda s: str(escape(s.obj))
__unicode__ = lambda s: unicode(escape(s.obj))
__repr__ = lambda s: str(escape(repr(s.obj)))
__int__ = lambda s: int(s.obj)
__float__ = lambda s: float(s.obj)
# we have to import it down here as the speedups and native
# modules imports the markup type which is define above.
try:
from markupsafe._speedups import escape, escape_silent, soft_unicode
except ImportError:
from markupsafe._native import escape, escape_silent, soft_unicode