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tempera-image-five caption-dark tempera-menu-center essb-9.2"> <br> <div id="wrapper" class="hfeed"> <div id="main"> <div id="forbottom"> <div id="content" role="main"> <div class="breadcrumbs">Steve biko south africa. com/xh93c/piracy-quest-3-review.</div> <div id="post-15664" class="post-15664 contemporary type-contemporary status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="entry-content"> <h1 class="center"><strong>Steve biko south africa. Jan 29, 1997 · January 29, 1997 at 12:00 a.</strong></h1> <hr> <!-- no json scripts to comment in the content --> <div> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Steve biko south africa. This was to be his last public statement.</strong></h2> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br> </b></span></span></h2> <p>Steve biko south africa. Zakes Mda , Steve Biko Memorial Lecture, 2001 Bantu Stephen Biko will be remembered for many things. Steve Biko (1946-1977) was born in Kingwilliamstown, Cape Province, South Africa. His death shocked the world but his legacy undeniably changed the future of Black liberation and human rights. The archive charts Steve Biko's political awakening. 13 —Steven Biko, probably the most influential young black leader in South Africa, died while in police detention last night, allegedly after a hunger strike Steve Biko. Median rent trends for properties in Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa as of April 2024. Nov 25, 2022 · To be precise, Tutu’s sermon at Biko’s funeral in 1978 was a response to Biko’s call for BTL in South Africa. Biko was a key figure in the Black Consciousness Movement and died in police He died there on 12 September 1977. m. The announcement of Biko's death by the South African government the next day sparked international and national protest. Steve Biko was not alone in forging the Black Consciousness Movement, he was nevertheless its most prominent leader, who with others guided the movement of student discontent into a political force unprecedented in the history of South Africa. As he described in I write what I like Steve Biko went to local primary and secondary schools and finally moved to Natal to complete his higher education. Tutu maintained that through Biko’s Black consciousness, God sought to awaken a sense of intrinsic value and worth in Many anti-apartheid leaders and supporters were in jail or had gone into exile. k. We are a university-based centre committed to the values of justice, dignity, respect and freedom - both intellectual and academic. Steve Biko’s religious consciousness and thought and its in uence . Being black Sep 14, 1977 · EAST LONDON, South Africa, Sept. This is his life story. Sep 18, 2020 · Interview by Sean Jacobs William Shoki. facebook sharing. Bantu Stephen Biko, that country's most important Black leader, stepped forward to testify on their behalf and thus broke the ban on his public speaking. It sparked outrage and further mobilized opposition to the apartheid regime both within South Africa and internationally. "I write what I like: fear - an important determinant in South African politics" / by Frank Talk ; "The inquest into the death of Stephen Bantu Biko: a report to the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law" / by Dean Louis H Oct 30, 2021 · Steve Biko quotes on black is beautiful. Leaders of BC knew very well that national liberation would . Riots ensued in the aftermath of this statement, and a few students were killed in Institutional pressure on the Western powers “to do something” about South Africa was intensified after the Soweto riots in 1976, particularly following the death of Steve Biko in police custody. Oct 10, 2012 · 10 October 2012. Steve Biko (nascido Bantu Stephen Biko; 18 de dezembro de 1946 – 12 de setembro de 1977) foi um dos ativistas políticos mais importantes da África do Sul e um dos principais fundadores do Movimento da Consciência Negra da África do Sul . Clinical Manager: Dr Cotwall, 083 389 8100. This is one of many world-class museums South Africa can be proud of. From the beginning of Biko’s political life until his death, he remains one of the indisputable icons of the Black struggle against apartheid. The inquest into his death revealed gross inadequacies in the treatment he received from the two doctors legally responsible for his medical care. A young Black politician who died under brutal and degrading circumstances during the apartheid period. -- Day five. The South African Students' Organisation (SASO) was a body of black South African university students who resisted apartheid through non-violent political action. The Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa is synonymous with its founder, Biko. The Centre aims to ensure that new generations of younger South Africans are educated about our turbulent political past and lost leaders, like Steve Biko. Biko was a Xhosa, a status that he shared with fellow antiapartheid icons Nelson Mandela, a Xhosa But did cause hostility and isolation-- US sanctions 1981 lead to a financial crisis-- apartheid negotiations. Feb 23, 2013 · A British television report from South Africa in 1977, eight days after Steve Biko, an anti-apartheid activist, was beaten to death in police custody. ” Biko cofounded the South African Students’ Organization and led the nation’s Black On September 12, 1977, Stephen Biko, one of South Africa's most influential and prominent anti-Apartheid activists, died after being beaten by South African police during an interrogation. 28 -- The killers of anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko were identified today, ending nearly two decades of mystery about the Jan 1, 2012 · Abstract. The government minister of Justice and Police, James Kruger, stated that Jul 19, 2022 · Steve Biko's death led to unrest among South Africa's Black population, including protests in which the police killed several students and a growing outcry from outside the country to investigate the circumstances of his demise (per JSTOR Daily). When Biko was found dead in police custody in 1977, he became an inspiration to millions of people to fight for the end of one of the most brutal regimes of the 20th century. Biko, strongly influenced by the writings of Lembede and by the Black Power movement in the United States, argued that Africans had to run their own Apr 1, 2019 · As Steve Biko, the most prominent Black Consciousness leader, explained, when militant nationalists said that white people did not belong in South Africa, they meant that “we wanted to remove [the white man] from our table, strip the table of all trappings put on it by him, decorate it in true African style, settle down and then ask him to Jan 1, 2021 · Steve Biko was born on 18 December 1946 in King William’s Town, South Africa. Biko’s hunger strike caused his death. His father was a clerk and his mother was a domestic Sep 12, 2011 · Historic Headlines. The film centres on the real-life events involving South African activist Steve Biko and his friend Donald Steve Biko born 1946 – Tarkastad, Eastern Cape, South Africa died 1977 – Pretoria, South Africa “It is better to die for an idea that will live, than to live for an idea that will die. They want to do things for themselves and all by themselves. Jan 1, 2001 · Steve Biko, Millard Arnold (Editor) 4. 12, 1977, as a political prisoner who was murdered by the police in South Africa because he was In 1970 Black students led by Steve Biko broke away from NUSAS to form South African Students Organisation (SASO). org. 8%) Throughout April 2024, the average monthly rent for apartments in/near Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa decreased by 13. Black Consciousness in South Africa. Help Desk availabl e (8:00 to 15:30 only): 012 354 1597, 071 023 2044, +27 12 354 1000. The organisation was formed in 1969 under the leadership of Steve Biko and Barney Pityana and made vital contributions to the ideology and political leadership of the Black Consciousness Movement. Initially he involved himself in the activities of the National Union of South African Students Sep 21, 2022 · Steve Biko was a major, influential figure in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like (1) What was life like in South Africa in 1948?, (1) Why was the National Party victorious in 1948?, (1)How was Apartheid codified and implemented 1948-59? and more. Biko, honorary president of the Black People's Convention and the father of two small children, is the 20th person to die Quotes by Steve Biko. 46 - Steve Biko by Hilda Bernstein, 1978, South Africa. The morning of May 7, 1976. These events led to a new round of Security Council meetings and a mandatory arms embargo – the first time that action had been taken against By Steve Biko Foundation. Following the 1976 Soweto uprising—protests by over 20,000 students against laws restricting education to the use of the Afrikaans language, brutally suppressed by the police—Biko was arrested. He was imprisoned on charges of terrorism. When the inquest was held in Pretoria, the world expected that there would, at On 12 September 1977, the Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko died while in the custody of security police. Bantu Stephen (“Steve”) Biko was born on December 18, 1946, in King William’s Town, South Africa. As leader of the movement, he instilled courage among the masses to fight an unjust system under the banner of The Death of Stephen Biko. Thirty-five years after the death in police custody of Steve Biko, an online archive about the South African anti-apartheid Sep 12, 2017 · Forty years after his death, Steve Biko does not have the profile of other black civil rights leaders in South Africa. EPA/Sowetan. za. " Letter to SRC Presidents, I Write What I Like, 1978. Quality Assurance Manager: Ms Chilwane, 071 8791555. When you say ‘Black is beautiful’ you are saying, ‘Man you are okay as you are, begin to look upon yourself as a human being’. “The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed. shows something of Biko's brilliance, humor, vision and quickness of mind. He founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. ”. 12, 1977, Stephen Biko, one of South Africa’s most influential anti-apartheid activists, died after being beaten by South African police during an interrogation. The reason why this happened was that Black intellectuals within NUSAS were against White domination and its failure to act in a radical manner in issues affecting Black students. Among them are the Steve Biko Foundation; The Brazilian Steve Sep 12, 2017 · Forty years after his death, Steve Biko does not have the profile of other black civil rights leaders in South Africa. Entrenched in political activity from birth, Steve Biko gave his life for a South Africa in which Blacks could be free in their own homeland. Stephen Biko was a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. The film was directed by Richard Attenborough and adapted from Donald Woods’ books by screenwriter John Briley, who had previously written the By the mid-1960s, major anti-apartheid organizations in South Africa such as the African National Congress and Pan-Africanist Congress had been virtually silenced by government repression. A child of three, … Read more "Steve Biko: A Man Of Responsibility When the forebears formulated this adage, they had Steve Bantu Biko in mind, even as he sat in the world of pre-creation waiting to be created”. BC encouraged all black South Africans to recognize their inherent dignity and self-worth. Pistorius, awarded bail on Friday after a hearing that was sensational for what it revealed of his actions Led by Steve Biko, an African medical student at the University of Natal, a group of black students established the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) in 1969 with Biko as president. Since his death in police custody, he has been called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement. Nov 6, 1987 · Cry Freedom: Directed by Richard Attenborough. Like the South American revolutionary Che Guevara, T-shirts imprinted with Biko's distinctive face have become a must-have fashion accessory amongst young South Africans. Aug 19, 2021 · This post is a winning entry in the LSE student writing competition Black Forgotten Heroes, launched by the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa. Biko's funeral was the first big political funeral in South Africa. Biko's testimony at the trial of his nine colleagues in the Black Consciousness movement reveals his positions on political freedom, revolution, racism, and the need for the cultural and psychological liberation of South Africa's Blacks. 13 At Biko’s funeral, Tutu stated that Biko was a servant of God in South Africa who spoke on behalf of God. EST. Sep 12, 2012 · Steve Biko, the 30-year-old leader of the black consciousness movement in South Africa died while in police hands. Mr. 38. The Black Consciousness Movement centred on race as a determining factor in the oppression of Black people in South Africa, in response to racial oppression and the dehumanisation of Black people under Apartheid. Jul 31, 2018 · Politically, the decade from 1960 to 1970 was a period of deafening silence among black South Africans. Since his death Biko has become an international May 18, 2018 · Steve Biko (1946-1977), a political activist and writer, is regarded as the father of the Black Consciousness movement in the Union of South Africa. For black people who continued to struggle against apartheid, this was a very difficult time. His martyrdom became a rallying point in the fight against racial injustice. Two years later a South African Medical and Dental Council (SAMDC) disciplinary committee found there was no prima facie case against the two doctors who had treated Biko shortly before his death. Steve Biko was just thirty-one when he was murdered by South Africa’s apartheid government on September 12, 1977. The Steve Biko affair. 12. The philosophy of Black consciousness. Bantu Stephen Biko, that country's most important Black leader, stepped forward to testify on their behalf and thus broke the ban on his public speaking, In the late Steve Biko may not have become the medical doctor he set out to be, but he did become a doctor of the mind and soul of South Africa for both blacks and whites. 0. Feb 9, 2010 · In South Africa, four apartheid-era police officers, appearing before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, admit to the 1977 killing of Stephen Biko, a leader of the South African “Black Sep 17, 2020 · Steve Biko, one of the most prominent leaders in the anti-apartheid struggle, died in police detention on September 12, 1977. Jul 31, 2018 · Steve Biko. Dec 8, 1997 · Last month, on the twentieth anniversary of Steve Biko's death, President Mandela unveiled a huge bronze statue in the city where he was prosecuted and imprisoned. Stephen Bantu Biko (a. -- Appendix. Cry Freedom is a 1987 epic apartheid drama film directed and produced by Richard Attenborough, set in late-1970s apartheid -era South Africa. From the book: No. 90 ratings3 reviews. The Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics. Last Updated: July 31, 2018. The best thing about it is that it is open six days a week, and on Sunday, visitors can arrange for special visits. He was a leader, a philosopher, a visionary and a revolutionary. Foremost among these activists was Steve Biko. a. "The blacks are tired of standing at the touchlines to witness a game that they should be playing. He was also enrolled for legal studies at the University of South Africa (UNISA), the distance-learning university. The freedom movements of the 1950s had been banned and their leaders imprisoned. 28, 2013. At Wentworth, Natal University’s medical school for Blacks, Biko was elected to the Student’s Representative Council (SRC), and in 1967, attended a conference On September 12, 1977, intellectual, activist and founder of South Africa’s Black Consciousness Movement – Bantu Stephen Biko, commonly known as Steve Biko – died in the empty cell of Pretoria Central Prison. Enquiries: info@sbah. 1977, Bantu Stephen Biko was murdered in a South African jail. "In May 1976, nine Blacks were arrested in South Africa and charged with terrorism for having "thoughts" unacceptable to the regime. Jan 29, 1997 · January 29, 1997 at 12:00 a. In Sept. Black students – Africans, Indians and Coloureds – made up only a quarter of the delegates to the conference, and their radical stance was rejected by the more conservative White students. Be informed and make custom offersbased on median rent prices. Steve Biko inspired a generation of black South Africans to claim their true identity and refuse to be a part of their own oppression. The movement was led by a man called Steve Biko. After matriculating he went to Natal University to study medicine in 1966. . Through his example, he demonstrated fearlessness Stephen Bantu Biko. South African authorities claimed that Mr. Prominent white liberals, such as the parliamentarian, Helen Suzman, attended. Sep 12, 2007 · In memory of a South African martyr. This was to be his last public statement. Switchboard: 071 023 2044. Dec 20, 2019 · Published on 20 December 2019. It shows a photo of Biko, and has been flagged as possibly false by Facebook’s fact-checking system. White newspaper editor Donald Woods supported the movement and Biko, whom he had befriended, by leaving South Africa and exposing the truth behind Biko's death at the hands of police by publishing the book Biko. Introduction Steve Biko was born in Tylden, Eastern Province (now Eastern Cape), South Africa on 18 December 1946. Sep 12, 2023 · Originally published: Jan. Biko's life reflected the lot of frustrated young Black intellectuals. While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan Two years later, Steve Biko, in his first year of medical studies, was selected as an observer delegate to the 1966 NUSAS conference. His father worked as a policeman, and later as a clerk in the King William’s Town Native Affairs office. It is understood Mr Biko died in hospital in Pretoria. He later founded the South African Students Organisation (SASO) in Apr 16, 2019 · Famously, Steve Biko, SASO’s founder and figurehead, took his opportunity on the witness stand to expound on the philosophy of Black Consciousness as the guiding principle for SASO and the Black Jan 1, 1978 · Hardcover – January 1, 1978. 11. With Josette Simon, Wabei Siyolwe, John Matshikiza, Juanita Waterman. Steve Biko, a leader of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, died in 1977 while being detained by security police. "Stephen Bantu Biko was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, the legacy of Steve Biko lives on through the work of a number of institutions in South Africa and the international community. Dec 4, 2017 · among all black people in South Africa’ (Biko 1978c:38). Sep 13, 2015 · The movie Cry Freedom dramatised events in Steve Biko’s and Donald Woods’ lives over several years, from their first meeting to Biko’s death and Woods’ subsequent escape from South Africa. Thirty years after freedom fighter Steve Biko was beaten to death by police, his image is still instantly recognisable across South Africa. These doctors, Ivor Lang and Benjamin Tucker In the period 1967-68 Steve Biko, a medical student at Natal University, was one of the students who began to analyze and criticise the unhealthy political situation in the country. His book Cry Freedom was made into an award By Steve Biko Foundation. The two cases, of course, will find widely different places on history’s ladder. . Biko and his peers were responding to developments that emerged in the high phase of apartheid, when 12 September. He also co-founded the Black People’s Convention in 1972. Steve Biko spearheaded the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) in South Africa from the mid 1960s until his death while in police custody in 1977. Biko was arrested many times for his anti-apartheid work and, on September 12, 1977, died from The movement encouraged black South Africans to be proud of their culture and to stand up for their rights. The leader of the black consciousness movement in South Africa, Steve Biko, has died in police custody. Books. Stephen Bantu Biko was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. Steve Biko was not the only person to die in detention at the hands of the South African security police; yet, because of Steve Biko was the 46th person to die in detention and his death drew worldwide condemnation of South Africa's detention practices and repressive laws. While in police custody, police officers tortured and beat Biko severely, causing his death. Legendary anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko died on Sept. King William’s Town is situated in the Eastern Cape, which is home to the greater proportion of one of the country’s largest population groups, the Xhosa people. The 30-year-old's death was confirmed by the commissioner of police, General Gert Prinsloo, today. Biko was one of our countrys outstanding intellectuals, whose ideas contributed immeasurably to the freedom struggle in South Africa. Book recommendations, author interviews, editors' picks, and more. Sep 13, 2018 · Stephen Bantu (Steve) Biko was born in what is today the Eastern Cape province of South Africa on 18 December 1946. PORT ELIZABETH, SOUTH AFRICA, JAN. ” Nkosinathi Biko South African President Thabo Mbeki is scheduled to give the Eighth Annual Steve Biko Memorial Lecture at the University of Cape Town. Jun 15, 2020 · Activist Steve Biko dedicated his life to fighting this injustice, empowering South Africa’s downtrodden people and popularizing the idea that “black is beautiful. Credit: South African History Online via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4. Sep 13, 2007 · South Africa has been commemorating the 30th anniversary of the killing of black consciousness leader, Steve Biko, by apartheid security police. Steve Biko, the 30-year-old black leader, widely regarded as the founder of the black consciousness movement in South Africa, died Monday (12th). Biko is regarded as a hero in black South Africans’ struggle against apartheid. South African journalist Donald Woods is forced to flee the country after attempting to investigate the death in custody of his friend, the Black anti-Apartheid activist Steve Biko. His father, Mzingayi Matthew, pressured Biko to excel academically, but Biko’s education occurred simultaneously with the implementation of the Bantu Education Act. Oct 1, 2017 · Steve Biko Pan Macmillan South africa , Oct 1, 2017 - Political Science - 376 pages What comes first to mind when one thinks of political trials in South Africa are the Rivonia Trial of 1956–61 and the Treason Trial of 1963–64. On Sept. The philosophy of Black consciousness The Black Consciousness Mo vement centred on race as a determining fact or in the oppression of Black people in South Africa, in r esponse to racial oppression and the dehumanisation of Black people under Apar theid. The period leading up to his death, beginning with the June 1976 unrest, had seen some of the most turbulent events in South African history, the first signs that the apartheid regime would not be able to maintain its oppressive rule without massive resistance. In 1969, Steve Biko and other black students frustrated with white leadership in multi-racial student organizations formed an exclusively black association. He was the second son (third child) of Mzimgayi Biko. In May 1976, nine Blacks were arrested in South Africa and charged with terrorism for having 'thoughts' unacceptable to the regime. Stephen Bantu Biko was born in King William's Town, in the Cape Province of South Africa, in 1946. Biko was a key figure in the Black Consciousness Movement and died in police Steve Biko is remembered as a founder and martyr of the South African Black Consciousness Movement. By Steve Biko Foundation. Learn about key events in history and their connections to today. In his death he became a symbol of the martyrdom of Black nationalists whose struggle focused critical world attention on South Africa more strongly Aug 18, 2023 · Steve Biko's death had a profound impact on South Africa and the anti-apartheid movement. Aug 18, 2023 · How did Steve Biko's death impact South Africa? Steve Biko's death had a profound impact on South Africa and the anti-apartheid movement. Seu assassinato em detenção policial em 1977 o levou a ser saudado como um mártir da luta anti 2 / 12 Biko's Educational Background - Steve Biko was born on Dec. As a child, Biko had showed an early interest in anti-Apartheid politics. It was the tool of a brutal regime that committed many atrocities to maintain its grip ZAR 8,667(+20. Aug 24, 2021 · Steve Biko. However, in the 1970s, a new movement called Black Consciousness or BC led to renewed resistance. Bantu Stephen Biko) was born in King Williamstown, Cape Province, South Africa, on December 18, 1946. A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Important Contact Numbers. "Black Consciousness is an attitude of the mind and a way of life, the most positive call to emanate from the Mar 27, 2024 · Steve Biko Hospital contacts. Organised resistance to apartheid within South Africa’s borders slowed down dramatically. 6% to ZAR 10,217. In the 1970s a movement called Black Consciousness (BC), led by the charismatic Steve Biko, began a new wave of resistance. Stephen Bantu Biko was born in King William's Town, Cape Province, South Africa in 1946. 18, 1946, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The screenplay was written by John Briley based on a pair of books by journalist Donald Woods. Sep 21, 2022 • By Greg Beyer, BA History & Linguistics, Journalism Diploma. Feb 14, 2024 · Steve Biko was an anti-apartheid activist and the co-founder of the South African Students’ Organisation (SASO), subsequently spearheading the nation’s Black Consciousness Movement. As bus-loads of mourners neared Biko's burial town (King William’s Town), they passed Black youths standing solemnly along the road with their clenched fists raised. A leader of the Black Consciousness (BC) movement, Biko helped found the South African Students’ Organization (SASO) in 1968 as a breakaway from the multiracial, but white-led, National Union of South African Students. The South African Minister of Police announced that he died after a seven-day hunger strike. Somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 people attended Biko's funeral on September 25, 1977, in his Steve Biko was a non-violent activist, even though the movement he helped start eventually took up violent resistance. The Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics contributes to excellence in bioethics by: Developing national The morning of May 6, 1976 ; The afternoon of May 6, 1976. May 12, 1979 · Biko's courageous and delicate testimony, recorded here in the dramatic format of direct and cross examination, explores almost every issue in South Africa and. In the late 1960s, new young leaders arose, bringing a fresh concept for organizing called “black consciousness. On 12 September 1977, Stephen Bantu Biko died in a prison cell in Pretoria. this adage they had Bantu Stephen Biko in mind. The gesture acquired great national significance in South Africa, as it was the first official acknowledgement of Mr Biko's importance in the liberation struggle. While Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Desmond Tutu are rightly venerated for their role in opposing and ending white minority rule in South Africa, another Dec 18, 2016 · Donald Woods, a campaigning journalist - who was forced to flee South Africa himself - campaigned ceaselessly to publicise the details of Biko's death. Thirty-five years after the death in police custody of Steve Biko, an online archive about the South African anti-apartheid Sep 15, 2013 · Black Consciousness in Dialogue in South Africa: Steve Biko, Richard Turner and the 'Durban moment', 1970-1974 September 2013 Journal of Asian and African Studies 49(5):511-525 Jan 1, 2001 · Steve Biko. A graphic shared on Facebook attributes this quote to the late South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko. "In time, we shall be in a position to bestow on South Africa the greatest possible gift- a more human face. Sep 4, 2017 · Steve Biko in 1977. On 14 September, the Rand Daily Mail carried the report of his death: Mr. The Centre is a Faculty centre situated in the School of Clinical Medicine. ” Nelson Mandela called anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko “the spark that lit a veld fire across South Africa. These two quotes are perhaps some of the most well-known words from Steve Biko and Nelson Mandela, two of South Africa's most prominent political leaders. "- Stephen Bantu Biko. Born 18 December 1946, Steve Biko was a South African activist who pioneered the philosophy of Black Consciousness in the late 1960s. Apartheid in South Africa stripped nonwhites of their dignity. 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